Impact of Activation Energy and Heat Source/Sink on 3D Flow of Williamson Nanofluid with GaN Nanoparticles over A Stretching Sheet

Several novel techniques for the study of thermophysical characteristics have opened up new avenues understanding flow and heat transfer effects in nanofluids, leading to applications. There been studies on nanofluids including different metal, ceramic magnetic nanoparticles mixed with base fluids such as Water, Kerosene, Ethylene glycol. However, research using semiconductor is restricted. For investigation, Gallium nitrite, a binary excellent convection combined fluid glycol nanoparticle form, employed. Williamson MHD nanofluid (GaN + glycol) examined across stretched sheet porosity under impact convective boundary conditions, thermal radiation, source/sink, activation energy three dimensions. The governing equations are turned into dimensionless ordinary differential via similarity transformations. Numerical analysis was carried out MATLAB utilizing bvp5c shooting technique. results visually shown, plausible scientific explanations velocity, temperature, concentration profiles respect parameters provided. In addition, Skin-friction coefficient, Nusselt number, Sherwood number presented tabular form. velocity temperature increased while profile decreased volume fraction nitride increased. Physical significances were also assigned each observed outcome.